What did the sleep-deprivation study show?
Two small crossover trials studied laboratory sleep deprivation: 15 adults in 2024 and 29 in 2026, including 17 women in the latter. Single doses improved selected tasks compared with placebo. These unusual conditions do not establish a dependable benefit for everyday concentration or brain fog in a well-rested person. [1] [6]
What about brain fog around menopause?
A trial in 36 peri- and postmenopausal women found selected reaction-time and brain-creatine differences with alternative formulations. However, the published primary outcome, mental fatigue, did not show a significant treatment-by-time effect. That negative result matters more than highlighting promising secondary findings as evidence that creatine treats brain fog. [2]
Is there an established dose for brain fog?
These studies do not establish a routine dose for everyday brain fog. The sleep-deprivation experiment used a single high dose for a specific laboratory question, while the menopause study used different forms. Neither approach can simply be converted into a personal recommendation for someone with unexplained concentration problems. [1] [2]
Do larger studies settle the question?
A trial in 123 adults did not reach conventional significance on either primary cognitive test, although another analysis suggested a possible small benefit. EFSA’s 2024 assessment found the submitted evidence insufficient to establish a cognitive benefit. Later trials add information, but do not yet settle everyday brain-fog treatment. [4] [5]
Look a little closer
What are the limits of this evidence?
Each card separates the finding from the limits. The participants, formulation and duration are part of the answer.
Gordji-Nejad et al., 2024
Some cognitive measures improved after a high single dose during sleep deprivation.
- Who
- 15 healthy adults in a crossover experiment
- Dose
- Single 0.35 g/kg dose
- Duration
- Laboratory sleep deprivation, about 21 hours awake
- Limits
- Small experiment in a specific setting. It does not establish a routine dose for brain fog or an alternative to sleep.
CONCRET-MENOPA trial, 2025
Selected reaction-time and brain-creatine measures differed, but the primary mental-fatigue outcome did not show a significant treatment-by-time effect (p = 0.92).
- Who
- 36 peri- and postmenopausal women, mean age about 50
- Dose
- HCl 750 or 1,500 mg/day; or HCl plus ethyl ester 800 mg/day; or placebo
- Duration
- 8 weeks
- Limits
- 36 participants across four groups; multiple outcomes and alternative forms. Partly funded by Vireo Systems; author creatine-industry relationships disclosed. Does not establish a treatment for brain fog.
Which sources did we check?
- Single dose creatine improves cognitive performance and induces changes in cerebral high energy phosphates during sleep deprivation ↗Scientific Reports · 2024 · Study details and limits
- The Effects of 8-Week Creatine Hydrochloride and Creatine Ethyl Ester Supplementation on Cognition, Clinical Outcomes, and Brain Creatine Levels in Perimenopausal and Menopausal Women (CONCRET-MENOPA): A Randomized Controlled Trial ↗Journal of the American Nutrition Association · 2025 · Study details and limits
- Creatine in women’s health: bridging the gap from menstruation through pregnancy to menopause ↗Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2025 · Study details and limits
- The effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive performance—a randomised controlled study ↗BMC Medicine · 2023 · Study details and limits
- Creatine and improvement in cognitive function: Evaluation of a health claim ↗EFSA Journal · 2024 · Study details and limits
- Single-Dose Creatine Reduces Sleep Deprivation-Induced Deterioration in Cognitive Performance ↗Nutrients · 2026 · Study details and limits